Uyilo lobucwebe luhlala luhambelana ngokusondeleyo nembali yembali nenobugcisa yexesha elithile, kunye notshintsho nophuhliso lweSayensi neTekhnoloji neNkcubeko kunye neNkqubo. Umzekelo, imbali ye-ART yasentshona ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwi-Byzantine, Baroque, isitayile se-rococo.
Isitayile se-Byzantine
Iimpawu: Igolide evulekileyo yegolide kunye ne-islays yesilivere, i-gestones etyhidiweyo, enombala onamandla wenkolo.
Ubukumkani beByzantine, okwabizwa ngokuba nguBukhosi baseMpuma yaseRoma, waziwa ngokuba norhwebo olukhulu olukhulu kwiintsimbi nakumatye. Ukusukela kwinkulungwane yesine ukuya kweyesihlanu, i-Byzantium yahlutha ubutyebi obuninzi, kwaye uthungelwano lwayo lokwanda kweHlabathi lunike i-Byzantine ubugebenga lokufikelela kwigolide namatye axabisekileyo.
Kwangelo xesha, itekhnoloji yokuqhubela i-chibberry yoBukhosi baseRoma baseMpuma ikwafikelela kwiindawo ezingalungiswa ngaphambili. Isimbo esibuhlungu esizuzwe esivela eRoma. KuBukhosi baseRoma emva kwexesha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-jeelhley ezinemibala zaqala ukuvela, ukubaluleka kohonjiso lwegolide kwaqala ukubaleka kwegolide, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, isilivere ye-Ebonite yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
Igolide kunye nesilivere yegolide yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo ze-Byzantine. Enye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zegolide e-Byzantium ibizwa ngokuba yi-OpusisInterasile, eyakhe yafaka igolide ukwenzela ukuba ichaphazele imithombo yoncedo eqinileyo nelineenkcukacha ngenkulungwane yesithathu kwintengiso yenkulungwane yesithathu yentengiso yentengiso yenkulungwane yesithathu yentengiso.
Ngenkulungwane ye-10, ubuchule be-Brin eNameling yaphuhliswa. I-Byzantine hubelry yazisa ukusetyenziswa kwale ndlela, kubandakanya ukuthwala ipateni efunyenweyo ngqo kwitayitile yentsimbi, ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi, kwaye ukuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-zenith.
I-subleds enkulu ye-subleds. I-Byzantine Gemstone isebenza ifakwe ifuthe elingcolileyo, eligcwele amatye (i-caborhons) esekwe kwigolide engagungqiyo, kunye nokukhanya kwamatye, kunye nokucaciswa kwamatye ngokupheleleyo kwaye kucocekile.
Ngombala onamandla wonqulo. Ngenxa yokuba isitayile se-Byzantine esivela kubuKristu, ngoko ke umnqamlezo okanye ukuba isilwanyana sokomoya sinokuqheleka kwi-Byzantine yesitayile.
I-Baroque
IIMPAWU: Makhulu, ezimangalisayo, ezomeleleyo kwaye ziqinile, ngelixa zityhutyha i-ofisi kunye nobungangamsha, ubunewunewu
Isitayile seBaroque, esaqala eFransi ngexesha leLouis xiv, ngokuqinileyo kwaye imangalisayo. Ngelo xesha, kwakusenzeka kwithuba lokuphuhliswa kwesayensi yendalo kunye nokuhlola kwehlabathi elitsha, ukunyuka kweklasi ephakathi yaseYurophu, ukomeleza inkohliso yekatala, kunye nomzabalazo wentshukumo yoHlaziyo. Owona uyilo lubamele i-baroque ubucwebe yi-sévickn yesokheli, i-Boybienot ye-Boyby yayizalwa phakathi kweye-17 yenkulungwane ye-17. Umbhali waseFransi Madame De S rissigné (1626-96) wenza olu hlobo lobucwebe lobucwebe.
Intamo ifanekiselwa ngentla ibonisai-enameling, inkqubo eqhelekileyo kwi-baroque ubucwebe. Ukunyanzelwa kwemibala eyahlukeneyo ye-enamel ngegolide kwaqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 njengeGewer Teutin (1578-1644).
Uhlobo lwe-baroque locweberry luhlala lunesifo esiqinileyo se-aesthetic, engadibaniyo nokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwe-enamel. Oku kwenzeka xa i-enamel ye-daintl en amel enokuhlala ifumaneka ngaphambili nangasemva kobucwebe.
Le ndlela yombala ilungele ngokukhethekileyo ukubonakaliswa kweentyatyambo, kwaye kuyo yonke le nkulungwane ye-17, kuye kwakho intyatyambo eyenza yonke igazi laseYurophu ibize kwaye khumbula. Ekuqaleni eHolland, le ntyatyambo yayisisityhilelo eFransi: i-tulip.
Ngenkulungwane ye-17, ii-tulipyayiluphawu loluntu oluphezulu, kwaye kwixabiso labo elibiza kakhulu, i-tulip ye-tulip inokutshintshwa ibe yindawo yonke.
Eli xabiso lithe tyhunga, ngoku sinegama lokuchaza le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yiBubble, yityhefu, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuqhuma. Kungekudala emva kokuba i-bubble yaphukile, ixabiso le-tulip lubys laqalisa ukugabha, laziwa ngokuba yi "tyble bubble".
Ngayiphi na imeko, ii-tulips ziye zaba yinkanyezi ye-baroquecry.
Ngokubhekisele kwisicwangciso, eli yayilixesha apho iidayimani zamiswa ngegolide, kwaye musa ukujongela phantsi isinyithi esetyenziselwa ukubeka iidayimani, kuba nge-18 yegolide ye-18 igolide bekungaqhelekanga kwaye ixhaphakile kwi-rococo yesitayile sobucwebe.
Ubucwebe kweli xesha linani elikhulu letafileSika iidayimani, oko kukuthi, ilitye le-octaherarali yedayimani elinqamlezayo, yidayimani eqondakalayo.
Ke uninzi lwe-baroque ubucwebe xa ujonga ifoto iya kufumanisa ukuba idayimane ibukeka imnyama, kodwa, hayi umbala wedayimani ngokwayo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba idayimane imbalwa kakhulu, iphantsi kweyona nto ibonakaliswa ngaphambili. Ke ngoko ukupeyinta kunokubona iidayimani ezininzi "ezimnyama", isizathu siyafana.
Ngobugcisa besitayela sobucwebe, uBaroque unikezela ezi mpawu zilandelayo: Makhulu, ezimangalisayo, ezibalekayo, ngelixa ityhutyha ubunewunewu kunye nobunzima benkolo. Gxila kwindlela yangaphandle yokusebenza, egxininisa uhlobo lotshintsho kunye nomoya onikezela.
Ngexesha lokugqibela, isitayile somsebenzi sithambekele ngakumbi kwi-pompous, i-velgar kunye nemibalabala, yaza yaqala ukungahoyi umxholo wento ebonakalayo ye-on-on kunye necokise ingozi. Isitayile se-baroque siveze isitayile se-rococo kwezinye iinkalo.
Isitayile se-rococo jeagesry
Iimpawu: Ubuntu, i-Asymmetry, ukuthamba, ukukhanya, ukufudusela, ukufudusela, "s"
Iimpawu: Ubuntu, i-Asymmetry, ukuthamba, ukukhanya, ukufudusela, ukufudusela, "s"
"I-rococo" (i-rococo "(i-rococo) evela kwigama lesiFrentshi le-rocalille, inyibilikisi, kwaye kamva uLizwi ubhekiswa kwi-tyhente yelitye lesitayile sobugcisa. Ukuba isitayile se-baroque sifana nendoda, isitayile se-rococo sifana kakhulu nomntu obhinqileyo.
IKumkanikazi uMarie waseFrance yayiyinto entle ye-rococo yobugcisa kunye nobucwebe.
Phambi koKumkani uLouis Xv, isitayile se-Baroque yayingumxholo ophambili wenkundla, inzulu kwaye ingudidi, umoya unobungangamsha, ukuxelela amandla elizwe. Embindini wenkulungwane ye-18, umzi-mveliso waseFrance kunye noRhwebo bathunyelwa ngamandla kwaye baba lelona lizwe liphezulu eYurophu, ngaphandle kwe-England. Iimeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho kunye nenkqubela phambili yobomi bezinto eziphathekayo, ukuze inkqubela phambili ye-rococo yabeka isiseko, iinkosana zangaphakathi zenza i-baroque, kwaye zibonisa iimpawu zenkundla yamatyala, oko kukuthi, igxile kwi-red temple kunye nefuthe lokuhombisa. Isitayile se-rococo siseka i-baroque i-baroque iguqulwe ngabom kwisiphumo esigqithisileyo.
I-King Louis xv iphumelele kwiTrone, ngoFebruwari 1745 ngenye imini yadibana neminyaka engamashumi amabini yothando lokwenene - i-Mrs. Pompadour yavula isitayile se-rococo sexesha elitsha.
Isitayile se-rococo jeagelry sibonakaliswa ngu: Ukuncipha, ukukhanya, okuhle kwaye sibe senze i-chotimetion, imibala emiselweyo ye-C-SMEDS, i-Scroll And kunye nemibala eqaqambileyo yokuqulunqa ukwakhiwa kwe-hocoting.
I-Rococo Art Deco itsala isitayile esininzi sesiTshayina, isiFrentshi esivela kwi-China esijonge kakhulu, i-porcelain yaseTshayina kunye nezitulo kunye nezitulo kunye neekhabhathi zokuphefumla.
Iipateni azisalawulwa zizithixo, iimodeli zenkolo kunye ne-resymmetrical izinto zendalo ezinjengee-wine, ii-stoctus kunye nemidiliya.
Ukusekwa kwesitayile se-roco so siyisitayile se-baroque iguqulwe ngabom kwisiphumo esingenakufikeleleka. Ndifuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne-rococo jeagelry yesitayile kunye nabahlobo besibeleko se-ART, kucetyiswa ukubona ifilimu emele "oyena mboniselo mkhulu". Ifilimu yonke ukusuka kwi-chielry ukunxiba kumhlobiso ngaphakathi kubonisa kakhulu iimpawu kunye nomtsalane we-rococo isitayile.
I-rococo isitayile senziwe ngenani elikhulu leedayimani ezinqumlayo, ziphawulwa sisiseko seflethi kunye neendawo zonxantathu.
Esi sitayela esijongene nesitayile sahlala sise-voguede de sijikeleze i-1820s, xa sathatyathelwa indawo yi-chule yam, kodwa yangazange yanyamalala ngokupheleleyo, kwaye yangaphezulu kwe-100 emva kweminyaka eli-100.
Ishishini lobucwebe lenziwe nzima labekwa nzima ngokuqhambuka kwenguquko yaseFransi ngo-1789. Ke indoda incinci evela eSisili yayingumlawuli waseFrance waseFrance, kwaye yayinguNapoleon. Wamnqwenela ukuba ulangazelela ubuqaqawuli bangaphambili boBukhosi baseRoma, kwaye isitayile se-rococo esine-rococo sayeka ukuya kwinqanaba lembali.
Ngaphezulu kwesitayile esikhulu esimangalisayo esimangalisayo, sinezitayile ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kwakhona made azive omnye okanye enye, ngakumbi i-baroque kunye nenkundla ye-baroco - i-baroque i-baroque, i-rococo. Kodwa nangayiphi na imeko, indlela yabo yobugcisa, ibe nefuthe elikhulu kwizihlalo ukusukela ngoko.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-DEX-03-2024